It was by a Michael Hawke, of the Middle Temple.] People were still talking of _Killing no Murder_ when the First Protectorate came to a close.

We have now only to take account of the circumstances of that event, and of the differences there were to be, constitutionally, between the First Protectorate and the Second.
On the 25th of June, 1657, all the details of the _Humble Additional and Explanatory Petition and Advice_ having been at length settled by the House, that supplement to the original _Petition and Advice_ was also ready for his Highness's assent.
The two documents together, to be known comprehensively as _The Petition and Advice_, were to supersede the more military Instrument, called _The Government of the Commonwealth_, to which Cromwell had sworn in Dec.

1653, at his first installation, and were to be the charter of his new and constitutionalized Protectorate.

The Articles of this new Constitution were seventeen in all, and deserve some attention:--Article I., as we know, confirmed Cromwell's Protectorship and empowered him to choose his successor .-- Article II.

provided for the calling of Parliaments of Two Houses once in three years at furthest .-- Article III.