from 1654 onwards; Orme's Life of John Owen, 175-187; Clarendon, 623; Godwin, IV.

102-104 and 595; Neal, IV.

121-123; with references to Worthington's Diary by Crossley, and Cattermole's _Literature of the Church of England_.] While it was chiefly through the organized means afforded by the Universities and Colleges that Cromwell did what he could for the encouragement of learning, his relations to the learned men individually that were living in the time of his Protectorate were always at least courteous, and in some instances peculiarly friendly.
Usher being dead (March 21, 1655-6), and also the great Selden (Nov.
20, 1654) and the venerable and learned Gataker (July 27, 1654), the following were the Englishmen of greatest literary celebrity already, or of greatest coming note in English literary history, who were alive at the midpoint of Oliver's Protectorate, and could and did then range themselves (for we exclude those of insufficient age) as his adherents on the whole, his subjects by mere compulsion, or his implacable and exiled enemies.

We divide the list into groups according to that classification, as calculated for the year 1656; but the names within each group are arranged in the order of seniority:[1]-- [Footnote 1: There may be errors and omissions in the list; but, having taken some pains, I will risk it as it stands.] ADHERENTS MORE OR LESS CORDIAL.
George Wither (_aetat_ 68).
John Goodwin (_aetat_ 63).
Edmund Calamy (_aetat_ 56).
Thomas Goodwin (_aetat_ 56).
John Lightfoot (_aetat_ 54).
Edmund Waller (_aetat_ 51).
John Rushworth (_aetat_ 49).
Milton (_aetat_ 48).
Benjamin Whichcote (_aetat_ 46).
James Harrington (_aetat_ 45).
Henry More (_aetat_ 42).
John Wilkins (_aetat_ 42).
John Owen (_aetat_ 40).
John Wallis (_aetat_ 40).
Ralph Cudworth (_aetat_ 39).
Algernon Sidney (_aetat_ 39).
Marchamont Needham (_aetat_ 36).
Andrew Marvell (_aetat_ 36).
Roger Boyle, Lord Broghill (_aetat_ 35).
William Petty (_aetat_ 33).
Thomas Stanley (_aetat_ 31).
John Aubrey (_aetat_ 30).
Robert Boyle (_aetat_ 29).
John Bunyan (_aetat_ 28).
Sir William Temple (_aetat_ 27).
John Tillotson (_aetat_ 26).
John Howe (_aetat_ 26).
Edward Phillips (_aetat_ 26).
John Phillips (_aetat_ 25).
John Dryden (_aetat_ 25).
Henry Stubbe (_aetat_ 25).
John Locke (_aetat_ 24).
Samuel Pepys (_aetat_ 24).
Edward Stillingfleet (_aetat_ 21).
SUBJECTS BY COMPULSION.
Ex-Bishop Hall (died Sept.

8, 1656, _aetat_ 82).
John Hales (died May 19, 1656, _aetat_ 72).
Robert Sanderson (_aetat_ 69).
Thomas Hobbes (_aetat_ 68).
Robert Herrick (_aetat_ 65).
John Hacket (_aetat_ 64).
Izaak Walton (_aetat_ 63).
James Shirley (_aetat_ 62).
James Howell (_aetat_ 62).
Gilbert Sheldon (_aetat_ 58).
William Prynne (_aetat_ 56).
Brian Walton (_aetat_ 56).
Peter Heylin (_aetat_ 56).
Jasper Mayne (_aetat_ 52).
Thomas Fuller (_aetat_ 52).
Edward Pocock (_aetat_ 52).
Sir William Davenant (_aetat_ 51).
Thomas Browne of Norwich (_aetat_ 51).
William Dugdale (_aetat_ 51).
Henry Hammond (_aetat_ 51).
Richard Fanshawe (_aetat_ 48).
Aston Cockayne (_aetat_ 48).
Samuel Butler (_aetat_ 44).
Jeremy Taylor (_aetat_ 43).
John Cleveland (_aetat_ 43).
John Pearson (_aetat_ 43).
John Birkenhead (_aetat_ 41).
John Denham (_aetat_ 41).
Richard Baxter (_aetat_ 41).
Roger L'Estrange (_aetat_ 40).
Abraham Cowley (_aetat_ 38).
John Evelyn (_aetat_ 36).
Isaac Barrow (_aetat_ 26).
Anthony Wood (_aetat_ 25).
Robert South (_aetat_ 23).
ACTIVE ENEMIES IN EXILE.
John Bramhall (_aetat_ 63).
George Morley (_aetat_ 58).
John Earle (_aetat_ 55).
Sir Kenelm Digby (_aetat_ 53).
Sir Edward Hyde (_aetat_ 48).
Thomas Killigrew (_aetat_ 45).
George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham (_aetat_ 29).
The relations of Cromwell to such persons varied, of course, with their attitudes towards himself and his government.
The theologian among his adherents to whom he seems to have been drawn by the strongest elective affinity was Dr.John Owen.