With them we may fairly close the history of mediaeval geography, so far as it professed to be a systematic branch of knowledge.
We must now turn back and briefly sum up the additions to knowledge made by travellers, pilgrims, and merchants, and recorded in literary shape in the form of travels.
[_Authorities:_ Lelewel, _Geographie du Moyen Age_, 4 vols.

and atlas, 1852; C.R.Beazley, _Dawn of Geography_, 1897, and Introduction to _Prince Henry the Navigator_, 1895; Nordenskiold, _Periplus_, 1897.].