CHAPTER VII.
The Laurentian and Huronian periods--General nature, divisions, and geographical distribution of the Laurentian deposits--Lower and Upper Laurentian--Reasons for believing that the Laurentian rocks are not azoic based upon their containing limestones, beds of oxide of iron, and graphite--The characters, chemical composition, and minute structure of _Eozooen Canadense_--Comparison of _Eozooen_ with existing Foraminifera--_Archoeosphoerinoe_--Huronian formation--Nature and distribution of Huronian deposits--Organic remains of the Huronian--Literature.
CHAPTER VIII.
The Cambrian period--General succession of Cambrian deposits in Wales--Lower Cambrian and Upper Cambrian--Cambrian deposits of the continent of Europe and North American--Life of the Cambrian period--Fucoids--Eophyton--Oldhamia--Sponges--Echinoderms--Annelides -- Crustaceans--Structure of Trilobites--Brachiopods--Pteropods, Gasteropods, and Bivalves--Cephalopods--Literature.
CHAPTER IX.
The Lower Silurian period--The Silurian rocks generally--Limits of Lower and Upper Silurian--General succession, subdivisions, and characters of the Lower Silurian rocks of Wales--General succession, subdivisions, and characters of the Lower Silurian rocks of the North American continent--Life of the period--Fucoids--Protozoa--Graptolites--Structure of Graptolites--Corals--General structure of Corals--Crinoids-- Cystideans--General characters of Cystideans--Annelides-- Crustaceans--Polyzoa--Brachiopods--Bivalve and Univalve Molluscs--Chambered Cephalopods--General characters of the Cephalopoda--Conodonts.
CHAPTER X.
The Upper Silurian period--General succession of the Upper Silurian deposits of Wales--Upper Silurian deposits of North America--Life of the Upper Silurian--Plants--Protozoa--Graptolites--Corals-- Crinoids--General structure of Crinoids--Star-fishes--Annelides-- Crustaceans--Eurypterids--Polyzoa--Brachiopods--Structure of Brachiopods--Bivalves and Univalves--Pteropods--Cephalopods-- Fishes--Silurian literature.
CHAPTER XI.
The Devonian period--Relations between the Old Red Sandstone and the marine Devonian deposits--The Old Red Sandstone of Scotland--The Devonian strata of Devonshire--Sequence and subdivisions of the Devonian deposits of North America--Life of the period--Plants--Protozoa--Corals-Crinoids--Pentremites-- Annelides--Crustaceans--Insects--Polyzoa--Brachiopods--Bivalves-- Univalves--Pteropods--Cephalopods--Fishes--General divisions of the Fishes--Palaeontological evidence as to the independent existence of the Devonian system as a distinct formation--Literature.
CHAPTER XII.
The Carboniferous period--Relations of Carboniferous rocks to Devonian--The Carboniferous Limestone or Sub-Carboniferous series--The Millstone-grit and the Coal-measures--Life of the period--Structure and mode of formation of Coal--Plants of the Coal.
CHAPTER XIII.
Animal life of the Carboniferous period--Protozoa--Corals-- Crinoids--Pentremites--Structure of Pentremites--Echinoids-- Structure of Echinoidea--Annelides--Crustacea--Insects-- Arachnids--Myriapods--Polyzoa--Brachiopods--Bivalves and Univalves--Cephalopods--Fishes--Labyrinthodont Amphibians-- Literature.
CHAPTER XIV.
The Permian period--General succession, characters, and mode of formation of the Permian deposits--Life of the period-- Plants--Protozoa--Corals--Echinoderms--Annelides--Crustaceans-- Polyzoa--Brachiopods--Bivalves-Univalves--Pteropods-- Cephalopods--Fishes--Amphibians--Reptiles--Literature.
CHAPTER XV.
The Triassic period--General characters and subdivisions of the Trias of the Continent of Europe and Britain--Trias of North America--Life of the period--Plants--Echinoderms--Crustaceans-- Polyzoa--Brachiopods--Bivalves--Univalves--Cephalopods-- Intermixture of Palaeozoic with Mesozoic types of Molluscs-- Fishes--Amphibians--Reptiles--Supposed footprints of Birds-- Mammals--Literature.
CHAPTER XVI.
The Jurassic period--General sequence and subdivisions of the Jurassic deposits in Britain--Jurassic rocks of North America--Life of the period--Plants--Corals--Echinoderms--Crustaceans--Insects-- Brachiopods--Bivalves--Univalves-Pteropods--Tetrabranchiate Cephalopods--Dibranchiate Cephalopods--Fishes--Reptiles--Birds-- Mammals--Literature.
CHAPTER XVII.
The Cretaceous period--General succession and subdivisions of the Cretaceous rocks in Britain--Cretaceous rocks of North America--Life of the period--Plants--Protozoa--Corals--Echinoderms-- Crustaceans--Polyzoa--Brachiopods--Bivalves--Univalves-- Tetrabranchiate and Dibranchiate Cephalopods--Fishes--Reptiles-- Birds--Literature.
CHAPTER XVIII.
The Eocene period--Relations between the Kainozoic and Mesozoic rocks in Europe and in North America--Classification of the Tertiary deposits--The sequence and subdivisions of the Eocene rocks of Britain and France--Eocene strata of the United States--Life of the period--Plants--Foraminifera--Corals--Echinoderms--Mollusca--Fishes-- Reptiles--Birds--Mammals.
CHAPTER XIX.
The Miocene period--Miocene strata of Britain--Of France--Of Belgium--Of Austria--Of Switzerland--Of Germany--Of Greece--Of India--Of North America--Of the Arctic regions--Life of the period--Vegetation of the Miocene period--Foraminifera--Corals-- Echinoderms--Articulates--Mollusca--Fishes-Amphibians--Reptiles-- Mammals.
CHAPTER XX.
The Pliocene period--Pliocene deposits of Britain--Of Europe--Of North America--Life of the period--Climate of the period as indicated by the Invertebrate animals--The Pliocene Mammalia--Literature relating to the Tertiary deposits and their fossils.
CHAPTER XXI.
The Post-Pliocene period--Division of the Quaternary deposits into Post-Pliocene and Recent--Relations of the Post-Pliocene deposits of the northern hemisphere to the "Glacial period"-- Pre-Glacial deposits--Glacial deposits--Arctic Mollusca in Glacial beds--Post-Glacial deposits--Nature and mode of formation of high-level and low-level gravels--Nature and mode of formation of cavern-deposits--Kent's Cavern-Post--Pliocene deposits of the southern hemisphere.
CHAPTER XXII.
Life of the Post-Pliocene period--Effect of the coming on and departure of the Glacial period upon the animals inhabiting the northern hemisphere--Birds of the Post-Pliocene--Mammalia of the Post-Pliocene--Climate of the Post-Glacial period as deduced from the Post-Glacial Mammals--Occurrence of the bones and implements of Man in Post-Pliocene deposits in association with the remains of extinct Mammalia--Literature relating to the Post-Pliocene period.
CHAPTER XXIII.
The succession of life upon the globe--Gradual and successive introduction of life-forms--What is meant by "lower" and "higher" groups of animals and plants--Succession in time of the great groups of animals in the main corresponding with their zoological order--Identical phenomena in the vegetable kingdom--Persistent types of life--High organisation of many early forms--Bearings of Palaeontology on the general doctrine of Evolution.
APPENDIX .-- Tabular view of the chief Divisions of the Animal Kingdom.
GLOSSARY.
INDEX.
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS FIG.
1.

Cast of _Trigonia longa_.
2.

Microscopic section of the wood of a fossil Conifer.
3.

Microscopic section of the wood of the Larch.
4.

Section of Carboniferous strata, Kinghorn, Fife.
5.