He thought he could say, "this substance ought to be thus, or thus," "that substance is constrained, thwarted, hindered from becoming what nature meant it to be." In Ben Jonson's play called _The Alchemist_, Subtle (who is the alchemist of the play) says, " ...

metals would be gold if they had time." The alchemist not only attributed ethical qualities to material things, he also became the guardian and guide of the moral practices of these things.

He thought himself able to recall the erring metal to the path of metalline virtue, to lead the extravagant mineral back to the moral home-life from which it had been seduced, to show the doubting and vacillating salt what it was ignorantly seeking, and to help it to find the unrealised object of its search.

The alchemist acted as a sort of conscience to the metals, minerals, salts, and other substances he submitted to the processes of his laboratory.

He treated them as a wise physician might treat an ignorant and somewhat refractory patient.