In the east it found little entrance.

There, the very similar Macedonian and Greek methods of town-planning were rooted firmly, long before Rome conquered Greece or Asia Minor or Syria or Egypt.

The few town-plans which have been noted in these lands, and which may be assigned more or less conjecturally to the Roman era, seem to be Hellenic or Hellenistic rather than Italian.

They show broad stately streets, colonnades, vistas, which belong to the east and not to Italy.

Even in the west, the rule of the chess-board was sometimes broken.