Since the Russian occupation the natives have changed their allegiance from China to the 'White Czar,' as they call the Muscovite emperor.
Formerly they were much oppressed by the Manjour officials, who displayed great rapacity in collecting tribute.

It was no unusual occurrence for a native to be tied up and whipped to compel him to bring out all his treasures.

The Goldees call the Manjours 'rats,' in consequence of their greediness and destructive powers.
The Goldees are superior to the Gilyaks in numbers and intelligence, and the Manjours of Igoon and vicinity are in turn superior to the Goldees.

The Chinese are more civilized than the Manjours, and call the latter 'dogs.' The Manjours take revenge by applying the epithet to the Goldees, and these transfer it to Mangoons and Gilyaks.

The Mangoons are not in large numbers, and live along the river between the Gilyaks and Goldees.