This was very largely a result of the American Civil War.
Roebuck, after the failure of his effort for mediation in 1863, was obsessed with a fear of the tendency in England.

"I have great faith in my countrymen," he wrote, "but the experience of America frightens me.

I am not ashamed to use the word _frightened_.

During my whole life I have looked to that country as about to solve the great problem of self-government, and now, in my old age, the hopes of my youth and manhood are destroyed, and I am left to reconstruct my political philosophy, and doubt and hesitation beset me on every point[1388]." More philosophically Matthew Arnold, in 1864, characterized the rule of aristocracy as inevitably passing, but bent his thought to the discovery of some middle ground or method--some "influence [which] may help us to prevent the English people from becoming, with the growth of democracy, _Americanized_[1389]." "There is no longer any sort of disguise maintained," wrote Adams, "as to the wishes of the privileged classes.
Very little genuine sympathy is entertained for the rebels.

The true motive is apparent enough.