He had to reckon, as Louis had not, with the temper and wishes of his people.

What Louis gained for France, he gained for himself; the glory of France was his glory.

Charles aimed first at his own advantage, then at that of England; but, with the memory of the past ever before him, he was determined above all not to incur his father's fate nor a repetition of his own exile.

Therefore, when danger became imminent, he gave way before the feeling of the English nation.

Charles himself hated Holland; he hated it as a republic; he hated the existing government because opposed in internal affairs to his connections, the House of Orange; and he hated it yet more because in the days of his exile, the republic, as one of the conditions of peace with Cromwell, had driven him from her borders.