It was interesting to observe the manners of our soldier-guide.

Two slaves were always employed in carrying his tipoia, and the third carried a wooden box, about three feet long, containing his writing materials, dishes, and clothing.

He was cleanly in all his ways, and, though quite black himself, when he scolded any one of his own color, abused him as a "negro".

When he wanted to purchase any article from a village, he would sit down, mix a little gunpowder as ink, and write a note in a neat hand to ask the price, addressing it to the shopkeeper with the rather pompous title, "Illustrissimo Senhor" (Most Illustrious Sir).

This is the invariable mode of address throughout Angola.