With the return of white supremacy old institutions have been revived and new ones have been founded.

The number of students has increased, but the financial difficulties of the institutions have hardly diminished.

Few had any endowment worth considering, and the so-called state institutions received very small appropriations or none at all.

Good preparatory schools were few and, since the colleges were dependent upon tuition fees, many students with inadequate preparation were leniently admitted.

Preparatory departments were established for those students who could not possibly be admitted to college classes.