As public schools were established for negroes, some of these organizations curtailed their work and others withdrew altogether.

Others persisted, however, and new schools have been founded by these and similar organizations, by private philanthropy, and also by negro churches.

As a result there are independent schools, state schools, and Federal schools.

The recent monumental report of the Bureau of Education reports 653 schools for negroes other than regular public schools[1].

Of these 28 are under public control, 507 are denominational schools (of which 354 are under white boards and 153 under negro boards), and 118 are classed as independent.