In the Kalmak _uluses_ (groups of nomad tents) of the Astrachan Government, races of 10 miles have been held.

The greatest speed recorded was in 1864, viz., 23 minutes 56 seconds; the longest time was in the same year, viz., 27 minutes.

The average time between 1862 and 1865, and 1867 and 1869, was 25 minutes 15 seconds.
The riders in these races are lads of not more than ten or twelve years of age.

They are in no way specially trained, as from early age they are always riding, and grow up in good condition for hard exercise.

Their weights range from four to six stone.
The Persians are a nation of horsemen still, and most of them can ride well.