A fiction of this sort was contrived by Leibnitz, under the title of 'pre-established harmony;' but, among the facts of the universe, there are only one or two cases known to investigation.
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II .-- It is objected to Utility as the Standard, that the bearings of conduct on general happiness are too numerous to be calculated; and that even where the calculation is possible, people have seldom time to make it.
(1) It is answered, that the primary moral duties refer to conduct where the consequences are evident and sure.

The disregard of Justice and Truth would to an absolute certainty bring about a state of confusion and ruin; their observance, in any high degree, contributes to raise the standard of well-being.
In other cases, the calculation is not easy, from the number of opposing considerations.

For example, there are two sides to the question, Is dissent morally wrong?
in other words, Ought all opinions to be tolerated?
But if we venture to decide such a question, without the balancing or calculating process, we must follow blindfold the dictates of one or other of the two opposing sentiments,--Love of Power and Love of Liberty.
It is not necessary that we should go through the process of calculation every time we have occasion to perform a moral act.

The calculations have already been performed for all the leading duties, and we have only to apply the maxims to the cases as they arise.
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