Any other standard that may be set up in competition with Utility, must ultimately ground itself on the very same appeal to the opinions and the practice of mankind.
11.

The chief objections urged against Utility as the moral Standard have been in great part anticipated.

Still, it is proper to advert to them in detail.
I .-- It is maintained that Happiness is not, either in fact or in right, the sole aim of human pursuit; that men actually, deliberately, and by conscientious preference, seek other ends.

For example, it is affirmed that Virtue is an end in itself, without regard to happiness.
On this argument it may be observed:-- (1) It has been abundantly shown in this work, that one part of the foregoing affirmation is strictly true.

Men are not urged to action exclusively by their pleasures and their pains.