62; educated by him, 370.
Washington, George, honors to his memory in France, i.

1; in England, 2; grief in America, 3, 4; general admission of his greatness, 4; its significance, 5, 6; tributes from England, 6; from other countries, 6, 7; yet an "unknown" man, 7; minuteness of knowledge concerning, 8; has become subject of myths, 9; development of the Weems myth about, 10, 11; necessity of a new treatment of, 12; significant difference of real and ideal portraits of, 13; his silence regarding himself, 14; underlying traits, 14.
_Early Life_.
Ancestry, 30-41; birth, 39; origin of Weems's anecdotes about, 41-44; their absurdity and evil results, 45-48; early schooling, 48; plan to send him to sea, 49, 50; studies to be a surveyor, 51; his rules of behavior, 52; his family connections with Fairfaxes, 54, 55; his friendship with Lord Fairfax, 56; surveys Fairfax's estate, 57, 58, 59; made public surveyor, 60; his life at the time, 60, 61; influenced by Fairfax's cultivation, 62; goes to West Indies with his brother, 62; has the small-pox, 63; observations on the voyage, 63, 64; returns to Virginia, 64; becomes guardian of his brother's daughter, 64.
_Service against the French and Indians_.
Receives military training, 65; a military appointment, 66; goes on expedition to treat with French, 66; meets Indians, 67; deals with French, 67; dangers of journey, 68; his impersonal account, 69, 70; appointed to command force against French, 71, 72; his anger at neglect of Virginia Assembly, 73; attacks and defeats force of Jumonville, 74; called murderer by the French, 74; surrounded by French at Great Meadows, 76; surrenders, 76; recklessness of his expedition, 77, 78; effect of experience upon, 79; gains a European notoriety, 79; thanked by Virginia, 79; protests against Dinwiddie's organization of soldiers, 80; refuses to serve when ranked by British officers, 81; accepts position on Braddock's staff, 82; his treatment there, 82; advises Braddock, 84; rebuked for warning against surprise, 85; his bravery in the battle, 86; conducts retreat, 86, 87; effect of experience on him, 87; declines to solicit command of Virginia troops, 88; accepts it when offered, 88; his difficulties with Assembly, 89; and with troops, 90; settles question of rank, 91; writes freely in criticism of government, 91, 92; retires for rest to Mt.

Vernon, 93; offers services to General Forbes, 93; irritated at slowness of English, 93, 94; his love affairs, 95, 96; journey to Boston, 97-101; at festivities in New York and Philadelphia, 99; meets Martha Custis, 101; his wedding, 101, 102; elected to House of Burgesses, 102; confused at being thanked by Assembly, 102; his local position, 103; tries to farm his estate, 104; his management of slaves, 105, 106, 108, 109; cares for interests of old soldiers, 109; rebukes a coward, 110; cares for education of stepson, 111; his furnishing of house, 112; hunting habits, 113-115; punishes a poacher, 116; participates in colonial and local government, 117; enters into society, 117, 118.
_Congressional delegate from Virginia_.
His influence in Assembly, 119; discusses Stamp Act with Mason, 119; foresees result to be independence, 119; rejoices at its repeal, but notes Declaratory Act, 120; ready to use force to defend colonial rights, 120; presents non-importation resolutions to Burgesses, 121; abstains from English products, 121; notes ominous movements among Indians, 122; on good terms with royal governors, 122, 123; observes fast on account of Boston Port Bill, 123; has controversy with Bryan Fairfax over Parliamentary policy, 124, 125, 126; presides at Fairfax County meeting, 126; declares himself ready for action, 126; at convention of counties, offers to march to relief of Boston, 127; elected to Continental Congress, 127; his journey, 128; silent in Congress, 129; writes to a British officer that independence is not desired, but war is certain, 130, 131; returns to Virginia, 132; aids in military preparations, 132; his opinion after Concord, 133; at second Continental Congress, wears uniform, 134; made commander-in-chief, 134; his modesty and courage in accepting position, 134, 135; political motives for his choice, 135; his popularity, 136; his journey to Boston, 136, 137; receives news of Bunker Hill, 136; is received by Massachusetts Provincial Assembly, 137.
_Commander of the Army_.
Takes command at Cambridge, 137; his impression upon people, 137, 138, 139; begins reorganization of army, 139; secures number of troops, 140; enforces discipline, his difficulties, 140, 141; forced to lead Congress, 142; to arrange rank of officers, 142; organizes privateers, 142; discovers lack of powder, 143; plans campaigns in Canada and elsewhere, 143, 144; his plans of attack on Boston overruled by council of war, 144; writes to Gage urging that captives be treated as prisoners of war, 145; skill of his letter, 146; retorts to Gage's reply, 147; continues dispute with Howe, 148; annoyed by insufficiency of provisions, 149; and by desertions, 149; stops quarrel between Virginia and Marblehead soldiers, 149; suggests admiralty committees, 150; annoyed by army contractors, 150; and criticism, 151; letter to Joseph Reed, 151; occupies Dorchester Heights, 152; begins to like New England men better, 152; rejoices at prospect of a fight, 153; departure of British due to his leadership, 154; sends troops immediately to New York, 155; enters Boston, 156; expects a hard war, 156; urges upon Congress the necessity of preparing for a long struggle, 156; his growing hatred of Tories, 156, 157; goes to New York, 157, 158; difficulties of the situation, 158; suppresses Tories, 159; urges Congress to declare independence, 159, 160; discovers and punishes a conspiracy to assassinate, 160; insists on his title in correspondence with Howe, 161; justice of his position, 162; quiets sectional jealousies in army, 162; his military inferiority to British, 163; obliged by political considerations to attempt defense of New York, 163, 164; assumes command on Long Island, 164; sees defeat of his troops, 165; sees plan of British fleet to cut off retreat, 166; secures retreat of army, 167; explains his policy of avoiding a pitched battle, 167; anger at flight of militia at Kip's Bay, 168; again secures safe retreat, 169; secures slight advantage in a skirmish, 170; continues to urge Congress to action, 170, 171; success of his letters in securing a permanent army, 171; surprised by advance of British fleet, 172; moves to White Plains, 173; blocks British advance, 174; advises abandonment of American forts, 174; blames himself for their capture, 175; leads diminishing army through New Jersey, 175; makes vain appeals for aid, 176; resolves to take the offensive, 177; desperateness of his situation, 178; pledges his estate and private fortune to raise men, 179; orders disregarded by officers, 180; crosses Delaware and captures Hessians, 180, 181; has difficulty in retaining soldiers, 181; repulses Cornwallis at Assunpink, 181; outwits Cornwallis and wins battle at Princeton, 182; excellence of his strategy, 183; effect of this campaign in saving Revolution, 183, 184; withdraws to Morristown, 185; fluctuations in size of army, 186; his determination to keep the field, 186, 187; criticised by Congress for not fighting, 187; hampered by Congressional interference, 188; issues proclamation requiring oath of allegiance, 188; attacked in Congress for so doing, 189; annoyed by Congressional alterations of rank, 189; and by foreign military adventurers, 191; value of his services in suppressing them, 192; his American feelings, 191, 193; warns Congress in vain that Howe means to attack Philadelphia, 193; baffles Howe's advance across New Jersey, 195; learning of his sailing, marches to defend Philadelphia, 195; offers battle at Brandywine, 196, 197; out-generaled and beaten, 197; rallies army and prepares to fight again, 198; prevented by storm, 199; attacks British at Germantown, 199; defeated, 200; exposes himself in battle, 200; real success of his action, 201; despised by English, 202; foresees danger of Burgoyne's invasion, 203; sends instructions to Schuyler, 204; urges use of New England and New York militia, 304; dreads northern advance of Howe, 205; determines to hold him at all hazards, 206, 207; not cast down by loss of Ticonderoga, 207; urges New England to rise, 208; sends all possible troops, 208; refuses to appoint a commander for Northern army, 208; his probable reasons, 209; continues to send suggestions, 210; slighted by Gates after Burgoyne's surrender, 211; rise of opposition in Congress, 212; arouses ill-feeling by his frankness, 212, 213; distrusted by Samuel and John Adams, 214; by others, 214, 215; formation of a plan to supplant him by Gates, 215; opposed by Gates, Mifflin, and Conway, 215, 216; angers Conway by preventing his increase in rank, 216; is refused troops by Gates, 217; defends and loses Delaware forts, 217; refuses to attack Howe, 218; propriety of his action, 219; becomes aware of cabal, 220; alarms them by showing extent of his knowledge, 221; attacked bitterly in Congress, 222; insulted by Gates, 223; refuses to resign, 224; refuses to notice cabal publicly, 224; complains privately of slight support from Pennsylvania, 225; continues to push Gates for explanations, 226; regains complete control after collapse of cabal, 226, 227; withdraws to Valley Forge, 227; desperation of his situation, 228; criticised by Pennsylvania legislature for going into winter quarters, 229; his bitter reply, 229; his unbending resolution, 230; continues to urge improvements in army organization, 231; manages to hold army together, 232; sends Lafayette to watch Philadelphia, 233; determines to fight, 234; checked by Lee, 234; pursues Clinton, 235; orders Lee to attack British rearguard, 235; discovers his force retreating, 236; rebukes Lee and punishes him, 236, 237; takes command and stops retreat, 237; repulses British and assumes offensive, 238; success due to his work at Valley Forge, 239; celebrates French alliance, 241; has to confront difficulty of managing allies, 241, 242; welcomes D'Estaing, 243; obliged to quiet recrimination after Newport failure, 244; his letter to Sullivan, 244; to Lafayette, 245; to D'Estaing, 246; tact and good effect of his letters, 246; offers to cooperate in an attack on New York, 247; furnishes admirable suggestions to D'Estaing, 247; not dazzled by French, 248; objects to giving rank to foreign officers, 248, 249; opposes transfer of Steuben from inspectorship to the line, 249; his thoroughly American position, 250; absence of provinciality, 251, 252; a national leader, 252; opposes invasion of Canada, 253; foresees danger of its recapture by France, 254, 255; his clear understanding of French motives, 255, 256; rejoices in condition of patriot cause, 257; foresees ruin to army in financial troubles, 258; has to appease mutinies among unpaid troops, 258; appeals to Congress, 259; urges election of better delegates to Congress, 259; angry with speculators, 260, 261; futility of his efforts, 261, 262; his increasing alarm at social demoralization, 263; effect of his exertions, 264; conceals his doubts of the French, 264; watches New York, 264; keeps dreading an English campaign, 265; labors with Congress to form a navy, 266; plans expedition to chastise Indians, 266; realizes that things are at a standstill in the North, 267; sees danger to lie in the South, but determines to remain himself near New York, 267; not consulted by Congress in naming general for Southern army, 268; plans attack on Stony Point, 268; hatred of ravaging methods of British warfare, 270; again has great difficulties in winter quarters, 270; unable to act on offensive in the spring, 270, 272; unable to help South, 272; advises abandonment of Charleston, 273; learns of arrival of French army, 274; plans a number of enterprises with it, 275, 276; refuses, even after loss of Charleston, to abandon Hudson, 276; welcomes Rochambeau, 277; writes to Congress against too optimistic feelings, 278, 279; has extreme difficulty in holding army together, 280; urges French to attack New York, 280; sends Maryland troops South after Camden, 281; arranges meeting with Rochambeau at Hartford, 282; popular enthusiasm over him, 283; goes to West Point, 284; surprised at Arnold's absence, 284; learns of his treachery, 284, 285; his cool behavior, 285; his real feelings, 286; his conduct toward Andre, 287; its justice, 287, 288; his opinion of Arnold, 288, 289; his responsibility in the general breakdown of the Congress and army, 290; obliged to quell food mutinies in army, 291, 292; difficulty of situation, 292; his influence the salvation of army, 293; his greatness best shown in this way, 293; rebukes Congress, 294; appoints Greene to command Southern army, 295; sends Knox to confer with state governors, 296; secures temporary relief for army, 296; sees the real defect is in weak government, 296; urges adoption of Articles of Confederation, 297; works for improvements in executive, 298,299; still keeps a Southern movement in mind, 301; unable to do anything through lack of naval power, 303; rebukes Lund Washington for entertaining British at Mt.

Vernon, 303; still unable to fight, 304; tries to frighten Clinton into remaining in New York, 305; succeeds with aid of Rochambeau, 306; explains his plan to French and to Congress, 306; learns of De Grasse's approach, prepares to move South, 306; writes to De Grasse to meet him in Chesapeake, 308; fears a premature peace, 308; pecuniary difficulties, 309; absolute need of command of sea, 310; persuades De Barras to join De Grasse, 311; starts on march for Chesapeake, 311; hampered by lack of supplies, 312; and by threat of Congress to reduce army, 313; passes through Mt.

Vernon, 314; succeeds in persuading De Grasse not to abandon him, 315; besieges Cornwallis, 315; sees capture of redoubts, 316; receives surrender of Cornwallis, 317; admirable strategy and management of campaign, 318; his personal influence the cause of success, 318; especially his use of the fleet, 319; his management of Cornwallis through Lafayette, 319; his boldness in transferring army away from New York, 320; does not lose his head over victory, 321; urges De Grasse to repeat success against Charleston, 322; returns north, 322; saddened by death of Custis, 322; continues to urge Congress to action, 323; writes letters to the States, 323; does not expect English surrender, 324; urges renewed vigor, 324; points out that war actually continues, 325; urges not to give up army until peace is actually secured, 325; failure of his appeals, 326; reduced to inactivity, 326; angered at murder of Huddy, 327; threatens Carleton with retaliation, 328; releases Asgill at request of Vergennes and order of Congress, 329, 330; disclaims credit, 330; justification of his behavior, 330; his tenderness toward the soldiers, 331; jealousy of Congress toward him, 332; warns Congress of danger of further neglect of army, 333, 334; takes control of mutinous movement, 335; his address to the soldiers, 336; its effect, 336; movement among soldiers to make him dictator, 337; replies to revolutionary proposals, 337; reality of the danger, 339; causes for his behaviour, 340, 341; a friend of strong government, but devoid of personal ambition, 342; chafes under delay to disband army, 343; tries to secure Western posts, 343; makes a journey through New York, 343; gives Congress excellent but futile advice, 344; issues circular letter to governors, 344; and farewell address to army, 345; enters New York after departure of British, 345; his farewell to his officers, 345; adjusts his accounts, 346; appears before Congress, 347; French account of his action, 347; makes speech resigning commission, 348, 349.
_In Retirement_.
Returns to Mt.