In the first case, the lady who saw the soldier and the suppliant did not know of their previous existence and melancholy adventure.

In the second, the brother did not know that his dead sister's face had been scratched.

In the third, the observer did not know that Lieutenant B.had grown a beard and acquired a bay pony with black mane and tail.

But though the appearances were _veracious_, they were _purposeless_, and again, as in each case the information existed in living minds, it _may_ have been wired on from them.
Thus the doctrine of telepathy puts a ghost of the dead in a great quandary.

If he communicates no verifiable information, he may be explained as a mere empty illusion.