Thadden-Triglaff_, by Eleanor, Princess of Reuss.] [Footnote 4: This trait is confirmed by Busch, who in his record of the conversations of Bismarck observes that with one or two exceptions he seldom had a good word to say for his colleagues.] [Footnote 5: I take the metaphor from Gerlach, but the English language does not allow me to adopt the whole.] [Footnote 6: Kohl prints a memorandum of this year (1861) which probably is that sent to Herr von Below; in it the ideas of the letter are developed at greater length and the language is more cautious; Bismarck recommends in it a representation of the people at the Diet, but points out that under present circumstances the consent of the Diet could not be attained; the plan to which he seems to incline is that of a separate union between some of the States; exactly the plan which Radowitz had followed and Bismarck had ten years before so bitterly opposed.] [Footnote 7: Speech of January 28, 1886.] [Footnote 8: The complication of offices became most remarkable when Bismarck in later years undertook the immediate direction of trade.

He became Minister of Finance for Prussia; and we have a long correspondence which he carries on with himself in his various capacities of Prussian Minister, Prussian representative in the Council, and Chancellor of the Empire.] [Footnote 9: Sybel states that this was not the case.] [Footnote 10: Some of the more exaggerated statements were contradicted at the time, apparently by Prince Radziwill, but in the excitement of the moment no one paid attention to this.] [Footnote 11: Comte Herisson d'Herisson, _Journal d'un officier d'ordonnance._] [Footnote 12: The Ghibellines were expelled from Italy in 1267, when Conradin of Hohenstaufen was beheaded by Charles of Anjou.] [Footnote 13: Our knowledge of this treaty is still very incomplete; even the date is not certain, but it seems most probable that it was executed at this time.

Neither Bismarck's own memoirs nor Busch's book throw any light upon it.] [Footnote 14: It must be remembered that our knowledge of these events is imperfect and probably inaccurate; it is at least one-sided.

It comes entirely from the published statements of those who gained their information directly or indirectly from Bismarck.] INDEX A Alexander, Prince, of Battenberg, 448-450 Army, 295 Arnim, Count, 19-21, 46 Arnim, Oscar von, marries Malvina von Bismarck, 25 Augustenburg, Frederick, Prince of, 202-209, 213-224, 227, 228, 230-237, 246 B Bazaine, Marshal, 361, 373 Benedetti, Count Vincent, 270-272, 275, 277-282, 322, 330-333, 336-338, 340-342 Bennigsen, 392, 394 Berlin, its condition after the Revolution, 47, 50, 51 Bismarck, the family of, its origin and history, 1-12 Bismarck, August von, 5 Bismarck, August von, the Landrath, 8 Bismarck, August Friedrich von, 9 Bismarck, Bernhard von, 11, 22, 23 Bismarck, Carl Alexander von, 9 Bismarck, Friedrich von, the "Permutator," 5 Bismarck, Friedrich Wilhelm von, 9 Bismarck, Herbert von, 347 Bismarck, Herbort von, 2 Bismarck, Karl Wilhelm Friedrich von, 10; his marriage, 10; moves to Pomerania, 11, 21; to Schoenhausen, 22, 25, 26 Bismarck, Malvina von, 11, 22; marries Oscar von Arnim, 25 Bismarck, Nicolas (or Claus) von, 3 Bismarck, Otto Eduard Leopold von, his birth, 1; ancestry, 1-12; destined for Diplomatic Service, 14; at school in Berlin, 14, 15; enters at Goettingen, 15; his personal appearance and character, 16; enters Corps of Hanoverians, 16; his university career, 16-18; leaves Goettingen, 18; enters at Berlin, 18; takes degree of Doctor of Law, 19; early official life, 19; appointed Auscultator at Berlin, 19; transferred to administrative side and to Aix-la-Chapelle, 19; his life at Aix, 20; transferred to Potsdam, 21; begins army service in Jaeger at Potsdam, 21; transferred to Jaeger at Stettin, 21; settles in Pomerania, 22; his attendance at lectures in agricultural college near Greifswald, 22; his successful management of the Pomeranian estates, 22, 23; takes Kniephof on division of estates, 23; his wildness, 23; enters as lieutenant of Landwehr in cavalry, 23; saves groom from drowning, 23; his restlessness and discontent, 24; travels, to Paris, London, Hull, Scarborough, York, Manchester, 24; his letters from Schoenhausen, 25-27; member of Diets of Pomerania and of province containing Schoenhausen, 27; Referendar at Potsdam, resigns, 28; his hatred of Prussian bureaucracy, 28, 61; his interest in his duties as landed proprietor, 28; Inspector of Dykes for Jerichow, 29; his intimacy with the religious coterie at Triglaff, 29, 30; his religious convictions and their effect on his monarchical feeling, 31, 32; his engagement, 32; summoned to attend meeting of Estates General in Berlin, 33; enters on his Parliamentary duties, 38; opposes action of Liberals, 38-40; his remarks on Prussia and England, 41; on the Jews and the Christian State, 41, 42; returns to Pomerania, 43; his marriage, 43; his wedding journey, meets the King of Prussia, returns to Schoenhausen, 43, 44; his sentiments on the Revolution, writes to the King, hurries to Berlin, 45, 46; collects signatures for address of loyalty, 46; at meeting of Estates General, 46, 47; writes articles, takes part in calling meeting, and in founding the _Kreuz Zeitung_, 48, 49; his counsels and aid to the King, 50, 51; takes seat in new Assembly, 52; opposes amnesty, 51, 52; in new Parliament, opposes Parliamentary control of taxes, 54, 55; opposes reference to foreign customs, 55-59; believes in Parliament for Prussia, 60-62; his hatred of Liberalism, 60; on civil marriage and Christianity, 63, 64; on the Prussian nobility, 64; his geniality, 65; his Parliamentary speeches, 66, 67; his partial knowledge of the people, 68; sustains the King's refusal of the German crown, 73, 74; advocates independence of Prussia, 74-78; in Parliament of Erfurt, 79, 80; advises peace with Austria, 81; defends the Ministry, 82-84; Ambassador at Frankfort, 84, 85; his characteristics, 86; at Frankfort, 86; letters to his wife, 88-91; his opinions of the diplomatists, 89-91; entrusted with management of the Press, 92; his idea of newspapers, 94; smoking in the military commission, 95, 96; his defence of Prussian interests, 96, 97; home and social life in Frankfort, 98; his distaste for Parliamentary life, 99; duel with Vincke, 99, 100; member of House of Lords, 100; his power of work, his despatches, 100, 101; on special mission to Vienna, 101; his policy of seeking allies for Prussia against Austria, 102, 103; his policy as to Russia and the Western Powers, 104-110; his policy toward France, 113-120; sent to Paris, meets Napoleon, 118; his ideal of foreign policy, 121-125; loss of popularity at Court, 125, 126; his attitude toward the new Ministry, 128; recalled from Frankfort, 129; appointed Minister to St.Petersburg, 132; his advice as to Austria, 133, 134; his journeys, his prolonged illness, and its effect, 135; supports the Government, 136; his sentiments as to France, 137, 138; returns to Russia, 138; interview with Prince Regent, 139; his friendship with Roon, 143; sent for by Roon, his reply, 145-147; arrives in Berlin, interview with the King, 147; his memorandum and letter on German affairs, 148, 149; returns to St.Petersburg, 150; goes to Berlin, 153; offered post of Minister-President, appointed Minister to Paris, 154; in Paris, 155; visits London, meets Disraeli, 156, 157; his advice to Roon, 158; leave of absence, 159; summoned to Berlin, 160; appointed Minister-President, 161; conversation with the King, 163; his House speeches on the Budget, their effect, 163-167; on the House address to the King, 169; his course on the Polish question, 171-177; difficulties of his position, 177-179; conflict with Chairman of House, 180; disliked by the Crown Prince, 184, 185; not responsible for conflict, 190; his foreign policy, 192; with the King at Gastein, 193; dissuades the King from attending Congress at Frankfort, 193-195; his course as to Schleswig-Holstein, 195, 199-201, 203, 206-224, 226-238; his satisfaction with Peace of Vienna, 226; concludes treaty of Gastein, 238; created Count, 239; visits France, 241; interview with Napoleon, 241-243; returns to Berlin, 243; concludes commercial treaty with Italy, 245; adopts hostile attitude toward Austria, 246; prepares for war, 247, 248; fails in health, 249; concludes treaty with Italy, 250; influences the King toward war, 251; desires war in order to reform German Confederation, 252-256; attempt on his life, 257; takes no part in management of army, 259; leaves Berlin to join army, 259; at battle of Koeniggraetz, 260, 261; his life during the campaign, 261, 262; advises acceptance of French offer of mediation, 262, 263; considers terms of peace, 264; desires control of North Germany, 266; his policy and motives, 267-273; his interview with Benedetti, 270-272; his terms of peace, 273-275; his management of peace preliminaries, his persuasion of the King, 275, 276; his treatment of demands of France, his interviews with Benedetti, 277-286; his course toward Russia, 283, 284; has laid foundation for German union, 284-286; begins to think and act as a German, 286; secures Parliamentary majority, 287; his moderation, 288; voted donation of money, 289, 290; his role of creative statesman, 291; dictates outlines of new Federal Constitution, 292; his plan of Constitution, 293-307; supports Constitution before Assembly, 308-212; defends withholding of money from King of Hanover, 313, 314; summons Parliament to consider tariff, 316; refuses to admit Grand Duke of Baden into Federation, 317; refuses to support Napoleon's acquirement of Luxemburg, 318; preserves the peace, visits Paris, 319; interview with Benedetti as to the Spanish Succession, 322; his efforts to secure acceptance of Spanish throne by Prince Leopold of Hohenzolhen, 322-327; his motives, 328, 329; retires to Varzin, 330; goes to Berlin, 333; his policy, 334; orders Werther from Paris, sees Lord Loftus, 336; receives telegram from the King announcing the Benedetti incident, 338; prepares statement and causes its publication, 339; his purpose, 340; meets the King at Brandenburg, 342; announces to Parliament France's declaration of war, 343; pardons the Hanoverian Legion, 345; leaves for seat of war, 346; his health during the campaign, 346; at Gravelotte, 347; at Sedan, 348; refuses to modify terms of surrender, 349; defers renewal of hostilities, 350; meets Napoleon, their interview, 351; accompanies Napoleon to Belle Vue, 352; willing to make peace, 352; his circular notes explaining the German view, 353, 554; demands territory, 354; his attitude toward the Provisional Government, 355; his interviews with Jules Favre, 356-360; his personality, 357, 358; his offer of terms, 358-361; at Versailles, 362; upholds Germany through the Press, 362, 363; indignant at France's use of irregular troops, 364; affected by delay before Paris, 364; his tact in German unification, 366; his interview with the Crown Prince, 366; proposes treaties with southern German States, 367; his agreement with Bavaria, 367, 368; drafts letter by which King of Bavaria requests King of Prussia to assume title of Emperor, 370; raised to rank of Prince, 370; interview with Favre on capitulation of Paris, 370, 371; interview with Thiers, 371-374; his part in the negotiations, 374; his views as to Strasburg and Metz, 374-376; at signature of Peace of Frankfort, 376; continues in power, 377; sole master in foreign policy, 378; his success in peace, 379; refuses support to French monarchical party, 382; brings about reconciliation with Austria, 382, 383; indignant at report of warlike intentions toward France, 384; his position as to internal matters, 385, 386; his party alliances, 386-388; resigns as Minister-President, 389; his depression, 389; his affection for Roon, 390; resumes the Presidency, 390; opposition to him, 390, 391; his dependence on the National Liberals, 391-394; supported on army organisation, 393, 394; his part in conflict with Roman Catholic Church, 394-403; his resignation refused by the Emperor, granted leave of absence, retires to Varzin, 404; presides over Congress of Berlin, 406; effects Triple Alliance, 407; his efforts against Socialism, 407-411; his scheme of economic reform, 411-429; his dislike of direct taxation, 413, 414; his proposals for State monopolies, 414-419; introduces system of Protection, 419-423; his colonial policy, 423-427; effects of his measures, 428; refuses to become a party leader, 429; his power checked by Parliament, 430; complains of conduct of Reichstag.
431; friction with Parliament as to freedom of debate, 434; his Parliamentary receptions, 435, 436; his recourse to criminal law against his adversaries, 436; his lack of generosity in political struggles, 437; celebration of his seventieth birthday, 438; presented with two million marks, purchases Friedrichsruh, 438; defends bill for army increase, 441; his release of French spy, 441, 442; his interview with the Czar, 442; enters into secret agreement with Russia, 442, 443; proposes army increase, 443; his speech, 443-445; foundation of his power removed by death of Emperor William, 445, 446; his prospects with Emperor Frederick, 447; opposes marriage of Princess Victoria of Prussia to Prince Alexander of Battenberg, 448-450; his differences with Emperor William II., 450, 451; his power, 452; finds his influence and authority undermined, 452, 453; chief causes of his differences with the Emperor, 453, 454; refuses to acquiesce in degradation of his position, 455; his first separation from the Emperor, 455; declines to justify interview with Windhorst, 456; resigns, created Field Marshal and Duke of Lauenburg, 456; his leave-takings, 457; his restlessness in leisure, his energy, 457, 458; receives deputations, 458; opposes and defies the Government, 459; his disclosures, 460; the avowed enemy of Court and Ministry, 461; absents himself from Moltke's funeral, 461; his triumphal journey to Vienna, 461; his reconciliations with the Emperor, 462; celebration of his eighty-fifth birthday, 462; his loneliness and infirmities, 462; his interest in public affairs, his unbroken mind and spirit, 463; his death, his burial at Friedrichsruh, 463 Bismarck, Rudolph von, 5 Bismarck-Bohlen, 9, 19 Blankenburg, Moritz von, 30, 144 Bonin, 109, 140, 141 Boulanger, General, 440 Brandenburg, Count, 51, 81 Brandenburg, the nobility of, 6-8 Bucher, Lothar, 56, 325, 420, 421 Bundesrath, 296 Burnside, General, 361 C Caprivi, General, 460, 462 Castelnau, General, 349 Cavour, 22, 129-132 Charles Frederick, Prince, 60 Crevisse, 5, 8 D Delbrueck, 365, 412 Diebwitz, Fraeulein von, 9 Disraeli, 156, 157 E Erfurt, Parliament of, 79, 80 F Favre, Jules, 356-360, 370, 373, 376 Frankfort, 87 Frankfort, Peace of, 376, 377 Frederick, Crown Prince, afterward Frederick III., 183, 184, 207, 219, 220, 236, 260, 276, 324, 325, 336, 342, 343, 366, 369, 416, 445-450 Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, 6 Frederick William III., 36, 37 Frederick William IV., 29, 30, 37, 38, 44, 50-52, 54, 60, 72, 73, 107-110, 127, 138 Friedrichsruh, 438, 439, 463 G Gagern, Heinrich von, 72 Gambetta, 364 Garibaldi, 365 Gastein, Treaty of, 238, 240 Gerlach, Leopold von, 30, 49, 50 Gortschakoff, 384, 385 Grammont, Duc de, 275, 330, 331, 335 Gravelotte, battle of, 347 Greifswald, 22 Guizot, 335 H Herisson, Comte, 357, 358 Hobel, 408, 411 Hohenzollern, Leopold, Prince of, 321-326, 331-337 Holstein, 195-238, 240, 246, 258, 265 K Katte, Fraeulein von, 8 Kleist, Hans von, 30, 43, 48, 400 Koeniggraetz, battle of, 260, 261 _Kreuz Zeitung_, 49, 107, 115, 119, 126, 390, 391 L Lasker, 392 Lauenburg, 238, 239 Lhuys, Drouyn de, 277, 278 Loftus, Lord Augustus, 336, 342 M MacMahon, 348 Manteuffel, Otto von, 51 Mars-la-Tour, 347, 348 Mencken, Fraeulein, afterward wife of Karl von Bismarck, 10, 14, 21, 22 Metternich, Prince, 36 Metz, 354 360, 374-476 Moltke, Helmuth Karl Bernard von, 247-249, 257, 259-261, 338, 339.

348-352, 373, 441, 451, 461 Motley, John Lothop, 17,19, 98, 177 N Napoleon III., 113-119, 125, 129, 137, 138, 175, 176, 213, 214, 228, 238, 241-245, 248, 254.