8.] [Footnote 4: Numerous tabular index numbers have been worked out for different countries and periods.

The main results of the more recent ones have been brought together with critical comments, by Professor Wesley C.Mitchell, in Bulletin 173 of the U.S.Bureau of Labor Statistics, July, 1915, from which the figures here used are quoted.] [Footnote 5: The price movements in the United States between 1860 and 1879 must be left out of consideration here, for the excessive issues of greenbacks drove gold out of circulation and made greenbacks the standard money, except in California and elsewhere on the Pacific Coast where, by public opinion, gold was retained as the circulating medium.] [Footnote 6: This change was what later was referred to in political discussions as "the crime of '73." The dollar referred to was the _standard_ silver dollar; at the same time the coinage of a _trade_ dollar was authorized (intended to be used only in foreign trade), which, after 1876, was not legal tender in the United States.] [Footnote 7: See Vol.

I, p.

262.] [Footnote 8: See Vol.

I, p.