[The Philippines: Past and Present (vol. 1 of 2) by Dean C. Worcester]@TWC D-Link book
The Philippines: Past and Present (vol. 1 of 2)

CHAPTER XIV
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Furthermore, his activities are much less likely to arouse animosity.
Incidentally, the army is pretty consistently unwilling to take the field unless the constitutional guarantees are temporarily suspended, and it particularly objects to writs of habeas corpus.

The suspension of such guarantees is obviously undesirable unless really very necessary.
Let us now consider some of the specific instances of alleged inefficiency of the constabulary in suppressing public disorder, cited by Blount.
On page 403 of his book he says, speaking of Governor Taft and disorder in the province of Albay which arose in 1902-1903:-- "He did not want to order out the military again if he could help it, and this relegated him to his native municipal police and constabulary, experimental outfits of doubtful loyalty, and, at best, wholly inadequate, as it afterwards turned out, for the maintenance of public order and for affording to the peaceably inclined people that sort of security for life and property, and that protection against semi-political as well as unmitigated brigandage, which would comport with the dignity of this nation." The facts as to these disorders are briefly as follows:-- In 1902 an outlaw in Tayabas Province who made his living by organizing political conspiracies and collecting contributions in the name of patriotism, who was known as Jose Roldan when operating in adjoining provinces, but had an alias in Tayabas, found his life made so uncomfortable by the constabulary of that province that he transferred his operations to Albay.

There he affiliated himself with a few ex-Insurgent officers who had turned outlaws instead of surrendering, and with oath violators, and began the same kind of political operations which he had carried out in Tayabas, the principal feature of his work being the collection of "contributions." The troubles in Albay were encouraged by wealthy Filipinos who saw in them a probable opportunity to acquire valuable hemp lands at bottom prices, for people dependent on their hemp fields, if prevented from working them, might in the end be forced to sell them.

Roldan soon lost standing with his new organization because it was found that he was using for his personal benefit the money which he collected.
About this time one Simeon Ola joined his organization.

Ola was a native of Albay, where he had been an Insurgent major under the command of the Tagalog general, Belarmino.


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