The proper exercise of police powers is obviously necessary to such an end.
From the outset we have sacrificed efficiency in order that our wards might gain practical experience, and might demonstrate their ability, or lack of ability, to perform necessary governmental functions.

Does any one cognizant of the situation doubt for a moment that provincial and municipal affairs in the Philippine Islands would to-day be more efficiently administered if provincial and municipal officers were appointed instead of being elected?
Is any one so foolish as to imagine that the sanitary regeneration of the islands would not have progressed much more rapidly had highly trained American health officers been used in place of many of the badly educated and comparatively inexperienced Filipino physicians whose services have been utilized?
Nevertheless, in the concrete case under discussion I dissent from the claim that more satisfactory results could have been obtained by the use of American troops.
The army had long been supreme in the Philippines.

Every function of government had been performed by its officers and men, if performed at all.

Our troops had been combating an elusive and cruel enemy.

If they were human it is to be presumed that they still harbored animosities, born of these conditions, toward the people with whom they had so recently been fighting.