But certain secondary features of the emulative process, yet to be spoken of, come in to very materially circumscribe and modify emulation in these directions among the pecuniary inferior classes as well as among the superior class.
But it is otherwise with the superior pecuniary class, with which we are here immediately concerned.

For this class also the incentive to diligence and thrift is not absent; but its action is so greatly qualified by the secondary demands of pecuniary emulation, that any inclination in this direction is practically overborne and any incentive to diligence tends to be of no effect.

The most imperative of these secondary demands of emulation, as well as the one of widest scope, is the requirement of abstention from productive work.

This is true in an especial degree for the barbarian stage of culture.

During the predatory culture labour comes to be associated in men's habits of thought with weakness and subjection to a master.