Crowe and Cavalcaselle.
[119] Nothing is more astonishing than the sterility of Genoa and of Rome.

Neither in sculpture nor in painting did these cities produce anything memorable, though Genoa was well placed for receiving the influences of Pisa, and had the command of the marble quarries of Carrara, while Rome was the resort of all the art-students of Italy.

The very early eminence of Apulia in architecture and the plastic arts led to no results.
[120] Milan, it is true, produced a brilliant school of sculptors, and the Certosa of Pavia is a monument of her spontaneous artistic genius.
But in painting, until the date of Lionardo's advent, she achieved little.
[121] See Vol.

I., _Age of the Despots_, pp.

182-188, for the constitutional characteristics of Florence and Venice; and Vol.