Davis describes a similar instance in a man.
Herrick mentions transposition of viscera in a man of twenty-five.
Barbieux cites a case of transposition of viscera in a man who was wounded in a duel.

The liver was to the left and the spleen and heart to the right etc.

Albers, Baron, Beclard, Boyer, Bull, Mackensie, Hutchinson, Hunt, Murray, Dareste, Curran, Duchesne, Musser, Sabatier, Shrady, Vulpian, Wilson, and Wehn are among others reporting instances of transposition and inversion of the viscera.
Congenital extroversion or eventration is the result of some congenital deficiency in the abdominal wall; instances are not uncommon, and some patients live as long as do cases of umbilical hernia proper.

Ramsey speaks of entire want of development of the abdominal parietes.
Robertson, Rizzoli, Tait, Hamilton, Brodie, Denis, Dickie, Goyrand, and many others mention extroversion of viscera from parietal defects.

The different forms of hernia will be considered in another chapter.
There seem to be no authentic cases of complete absence of the kidney except in the lowest grades of monstrosities.