Bolster, Delius, Hodges, Mackenzie of Baltimore, Orr, Riedel, Schufeldt, and Tidyman are among observers reporting bifurcated and double uvula, and they are quite common.

Ogle records instances of congenital absence of the uvula.
Anomalies of the Epiglottis .-- Morgagni mentions a man without an epiglottis who ate and spoke without difficulty.

He thought the arytenoids were so strongly developed that they replaced the functions of the missing organ.

Enos of Brooklyn in 1854 reported absence of the epiglottis without interference with deglutition.

Manifold speaks of a case of bifurcated epiglottis.