There are modern instances in which the funis has been bifid or duplex, and there is also a case reported in which there were two cords in a twin pregnancy, each of them measuring five feet in length.

The Lancet gives the account of a most peculiar pregnancy consisting of a placenta alone, the fetus wanting.

What this "placenta" was will always be a matter of conjecture.
Occasionally death of the fetus is caused by the formation of knots in the cord, shutting off the fetal circulation; Gery, Grieve, Mastin, Passot, Piogey, Woets, and others report instances of this nature.
Newman reports a curious case of twins, in which the cord of one child was encircled by a knot on the cord of the other.

Among others, Latimer and Motte report instances of the accidental tying of the bowel with the funis, causing an artificial anus.
The diverse causes of abortion are too numerous to attempt giving them all, but some are so curious and anomalous that they deserve mention.
Epidemics of abortion are spoken of by Fickius, Fischer, and the Ephemerides.

Exposure to cold is spoken of as a cause, and the same is alluded to by the Ephemerides; while another case is given as due to exposure white nude.