Campbell of Georgia operated inadvertently at the second and third month in two cases of vesicovaginal fistula in pregnant women.

The first case showed no interruption of pregnancy, but in the second case the woman nearly died and the fistula remained unhealed.

Engelmann operated on a large rectovaginal fistula in the sixth month of pregnancy without any interruption of pregnancy, which is far from the general result.

Cazin and Rey both produced abortion by forcible dilatation of the anus for fissure, but Gayet used both the fingers and a speculum in a case at five months and the woman went to term.

By cystotomy Reamy removed a double hair-pin from a woman pregnant six and a half months, without interruption, and according to Mann again, McClintock extracted stones from the bladder by the urethra in the fourth month of pregnancy, and Phillips did the same in the seventh month.