What might be called mixed or compound mutilations are practiced by the New Zealanders, East Africans, Kondes, Kukas, and Calmucks.

Among those practising simple but severe mutilations are the New Caledonians, the Bushmen, and some indigenous Australians.

Those tribes having for their customs the practice of compound major mutilations are the Fiji Islanders, Sandwich Islanders, Tahitians, Tongans, Samoans, Javanese, Sumatrans, natives of Malagasy, Hottentots, Damaras, Bechuanas, Kaffirs, the Congo people, the Coast Negroes, Inland Negroes, Dahomeans, Ashantees, Fulahs, Abyssinians, Arabs, and Dakotas.

Spencer has evidently made a most extensive and comprehensive study of this subject, and his paper is a most valuable contribution to the subject.

In the preparation of this section we have frequently quoted from it.
The practice of self-bleeding has its origin in other mutilations, although the Aztecs shed human blood in the worship of the sun.