Many operations have been devised, but the results of this maneuver in malignant disease have not thus far been very satisfactory.

It is quite possible that, being an operation of a serious nature, it is never performed early enough, the patient being fatally weakened by inanition.

Gross and Zesas have collected, respectively, 207 and 162 cases with surprisingly different rates of mortality: that of Gross being only 29.47 per cent, while that of Zesas was for cicatricial stenoses 60 per cent, and for malignant cases 84 per cent.

It is possible that in Zesas's statistics the subjects were so far advanced that death would have resulted in a short time without operation.

Gastrotomy we have already spoken of.
Pyloroplasty is an operation devised by Heineke and Mikulicz, and is designed to remove the mechanic obstruction in cicatricial stenoses of the pylorus, at the same time creating a new pylorus.
Gastroenterostomy and pylorectomy are operations devised for the relief of malignant disease of the pylorus, the diseased portions being removed and the parts resected.
Gastrectomy or extirpation of the stomach is considered by most surgeons entirely unjustifiable, as there is seldom hope of cure or prospect of amelioration.