Their spirit is free, their steps are unconfined, the desert is open, and the tribes and families are held together by a mutual and voluntary compact.

The softer natives of Yemen supported the pomp and majesty of a monarch; but if he could not leave his palace without endangering his life, [32] the active powers of government must have been devolved on his nobles and magistrates.

The cities of Mecca and Medina present, in the heart of Asia, the form, or rather the substance, of a commonwealth.

The grandfather of Mahomet, and his lineal ancestors, appear in foreign and domestic transactions as the princes of their country; but they reigned, like Pericles at Athens, or the Medici at Florence, by the opinion of their wisdom and integrity; their influence was divided with their patrimony; and the sceptre was transferred from the uncles of the prophet to a younger branch of the tribe of Koreish.

On solemn occasions they convened the assembly of the people; and, since mankind must be either compelled or persuaded to obey, the use and reputation of oratory among the ancient Arabs is the clearest evidence of public freedom.