Before the year 1814 the turn-out of newspapers was only about 300 single impressions in an hour--that is, impressions printed on only one side of the paper.

Koenig by his invention increased the issue to 1100 impressions.

Applegath and Cowper by their four-cylinder machine increased the issue to 4000, and by the eight-cylinder machine to 10,000 an hour.

But these were only impressions printed on one side of the paper.

The first perfecting press--that is, printing simultaneously the paper on both sides--was the Walter, the speed of which has been raised to 12,000, though, if necessary, it can produce excellent work at the rate of 17,000 complete copies of an eight-page paper per hour.