They granted long leases of farms as a stimulus to the most skilled and industrious, and found it to their interest to give the farmer a more permanent interest in his improvements than he had before enjoyed.

Thus stimulated and encouraged, farming made rapid progress, especially in the Lothians; and the example spread into other districts.

Banks were established for the storage of capital.

Roads were improved, and communications increased between one part of the country and another.

Hence trade and commerce arose, by reason of the facilities afforded for the interchange of traffic.