To these must be added the unemployment represented by the interval between the termination of one job and the beginning of another, as in the building trades.

Lastly, the wider fluctuations of general trade seem to impose a character of irregularity upon trade, so that the modern System of industry will not work without some unemployed margin, some reserve of labour.
These irregularities and leakages seem to explain why, at any given time, a certain considerable number of fairly efficient and willing workmen may be out of work.

It is often urged that this class of "unemployed" must be regarded as quite distinct from the superfluity of low-skilled and inefficient workers found in our towns, and that the two classes present different problems for solution.

The character of the "chronic" class of unemployed makes the problem appear to be, not one of economic readjustment, but rather of training and education.

But this appearance is deceptive.