Even supposing it were demonstrable that a much larger proportion of the cases of poverty and misery were the direct consequence of these moral and sanitary vices of the poor, we should not be justified in concluding that moral influence and education were the most effectual cures, capable of direct application.

It is indeed highly probable that the "unemployed" worker is on the average morally and industrially inferior to the "employed," and from the individual point of view this inferiority is often responsible for his non-employment.

But this only means that differences of moral and industrial character determine what particular individuals shall succeed or fail in the fight for work and wages.

It by no means follows that if by education we could improve all these moral and industrial weaklings they could obtain steady employment without displacing others.

Where an over-supply of labour exists, no remedy which does not operate either by restricting the supply or increasing the demand for labour can be effectual.
Sec.3.Civilization ascends from Material to Moral .-- The life of the poorest and most degraded classes is impenetrable to the highest influences of civilization.