What was regarded as the boundary of Italy on the Adriatic coast was the river Aesis immediately above Ancona.
Beyond this boundary the adjacent properly Gallic territory as far as, and including, Ravenna belonged in a similar way as did Italy proper to the Roman alliance; the Senones, who had formerly settled there, were extirpated in the war of 471-2,( 12) and the several townships were connected with Rome, either as burgess-colonies, like Sena Gallica,( 13) or as allied towns, whether with Latin rights, like Ariminum,( 14) or with Italian rights, like Ravenna.

On the wide region beyond Ravenna as far as the Alps non-Italian peoples were settled.

South of the Po the strong Celtic tribe of the Boii still held its ground (from Parma to Bologna); alongside of them, the Lingones on the east and the Anares on the west (in the region of Parma)--two smaller Celtic cantons presumably clients of the Boii-- peopled the plain.

At the western end of the plain the Ligurians began, who, mingled with isolated Celtic tribes, and settled on the Apennines from above Arezzo and Pisa westward, occupied the region of the sources of the Po.

The eastern portion of the plain north of the Po, nearly from Verona to the coast, was possessed by the Veneti, a race different from the Celts and probably of Illyrian extraction.
Between these and the western mountains were settled the Cenomani (about Brescia and Cremona) who rarely acted with the Celtic nation and were probably largely intermingled with Veneti, and the Insubres (around Milan).