They first made their appearance in the plain adjoining the bay, with which the name of the Campanians has been associated from the beginning of the fourth century; the Etruscans there were suppressed, and the Greeks were confined within narrower bounds; Capua was wrested from the former (330), Cumae from the latter (334).

About the same time, perhaps even earlier, the Lucanians appeared in Magna Graecia: at the beginning of the fourth century they were involved in conflict with the people of Terina and Thurii; and a considerable time before 364 they had established themselves in the Greek Laus.

About this period their levy amounted to 30,000 infantry and 4000 cavalry.

Towards the end of the fourth century mention first occurs of the separate confederacy of the Bruttii,( 19) who had detached themselves from the Lucanians--not, like the other Sabellian stocks, as a colony, but through a quarrel -- and had become mixed up with many foreign elements.

The Greeks of Lower Italy tried to resist the pressure of the barbarians; the league of the Achaean cities was reconstructed in 361; and it was determined that, if any of the allied towns should be assailed by the Lucanians, all should furnish contingents, and that the leaders of contingents which failed to appear should suffer the punishment of death.