How necessarily this was the result of the natural development of things, is most strikingly demonstrated by the fact, that the same change of constitution took place in an analogous manner through the whole circuit of the Italo-Grecian world.

Not only in Rome, but likewise among the other Latins as well as among the Sabellians, Etruscans, and Apulians--and generally, in all the Italian communities, just as in those of Greece--we find the rulers for life of an earlier epoch superseded in after times by annual magistrates.

In the case of the Lucanian canton there is evidence that it had a democratic government in time of peace, and it was only in the event of war that the magistrates appointed a king, that is, an official similar to the Roman dictator.

The Sabellian civic communities, such as those of Capua and Pompeii, in like manner were in later times governed by a "community-manager" (-medix tuticus-) changed from year to year, and we may assume that similar institutions existed among the other national and civic communities of Italy.

In this light the reasons which led to the substitution of consuls for kings in Rome need no explanation.