Hill_) 10,000 Longstreet 12,000 D.H.Hill and Walker 7,000 ______ Effective infantry 29,000 Cavalry and artillery 8,000 ______ Total of all arms 37,000 This disproportion was very great, amounting, as it did, to more than two for one.

But this was unavoidable.

The Southern army had been worn out by their long marching and fighting.

Portions of the command were scattered all over the roads of Northern Virginia, wearily dragging their half-clothed limbs and shoeless feet toward Winchester, whither they were directed to repair.

This was the explanation of the fact that, in spite of the ardent desire of the whole army to participate in the great movement northward, Lee had in line of battle at Sharpsburg "less than forty thousand men." General McClellan made a demonstration against his adversary on the evening of the 16th, before the day of the main struggle.