CHAPTER I.
1818-1846 BIRTH--PARENTS--HOME SURROUNDINGS AND EARLY LIFE Maria Mitchell was born on the island of Nantucket, Mass., Aug.

1, 1818.
She was the third child of William and Lydia [Coleman] Mitchell.
Her ancestors, on both sides, were Quakers for many generations; and it was in consequence of the intolerance of the early Puritans that these ancestors had been obliged to flee from the State of Massachusetts, and to settle upon this island, which, at that time, belonged to the State of New York.
For many years the Quakers, or Friends, as they called themselves, formed much the larger part of the inhabitants of Nantucket, and thus were enabled to crystallize, as it were, their own ideas of what family and social life should be; and although in course of time many "world's people" swooped down and helped to swell the number of islanders, they still continued to hold their own methods, and to bring up their children in accordance with their own conceptions of "Divine light." Mr.and Mrs.Mitchell were married during the war of 1812; the former lacking one week of being twenty-one years old, and the latter being a few months over twenty.
The people of Nantucket by their situation endured many hardships during this period; their ships were upon the sea a prey to privateers, and communication with the mainland was exposed to the same danger, so that it was difficult to obtain such necessaries of life as the island could not furnish.

There were still to be seen, a few years ago, the marks left on the moors, where fields of corn and potatoes had been planted in that trying time.
So the young couple began their housekeeping in a very simple way.

Mr.
Mitchell used to describe it as being very delightful; it was noticed that Mrs.Mitchell never expressed herself on the subject,--it was she, probably, who had the planning to do, to make a little money go a great way, and to have everything smooth and serene when her husband came home.
Mrs.Mitchell was a woman of strong character, very dignified, honest almost to an extreme, and perfectly self-controlled where control was necessary.

She possessed very strong affections, but her self-control was such that she was undemonstrative.
She kept a close watch over her children, was clearheaded, knew their every fault and every merit, and was an indefatigable worker.