21; also Lange, Geschichte des Materialismus, English translation, vol.i, pp.

248, 249, where the letters of Descartes are given, showing his despair, and the relinquishment of his best thoughts and works in order to preserve peace with the Church; also Saisset, Descartes et ses Precurseurs, pp.

100 et seq.; also Jolly, Histoire du Mouvement intellectuel au XVI Siecle, vol.i, p.

390.
But ere long it was seen that this triumph of the Church was in reality a prodigious defeat.

From all sides came proofs that Copernicus and Galileo were right; and although Pope Urban and the inquisition held Galileo in strict seclusion, forbidding him even to SPEAK regarding the double motion of the earth; and although this condemnation of "all books which affirm the motion of the earth" was kept on the Index; and although the papal bull still bound the Index and the condemnations in it on the consciences of the faithful; and although colleges and universities under Church control were compelled to teach the old doctrine--it was seen by clear-sighted men everywhere that this victory of the Church was a disaster to the victors.
New champions pressed on.