Not only does he declare that he makes the condemnation "in the name of His Holiness the Pope," but we have the Roman Index, containing the condemnation for nearly two hundred years, prefaced by a solemn bull of the reigning Pope binding this condemnation on the consciences of the whole Church, and declaring year after year that "all books which affirm the motion of the earth" are damnable.

To attempt to face all this, added to the fact that Galileo was required to abjure "the heresy of the movement of the earth" by written order of the Pope, was soon seen to be impossible.

Against the assertion that the Pope was not responsible we have all this mass of testimony, and the bull of Alexander VII in 1664.( 83) (83) For Lecazre's answer to Gassendi, see Martin, pp.

146, 147.

For the attempt to make the crimes of Galileo breach of etiquette, see Dublin Review, as above.