As we have already seen, while ample and beautiful provision was made for every other form of human suffering, for this there was comparatively little; and, indeed, even this little was generally worse than none.

Of this indifference and cruelty we have a striking monument in a single English word--a word originally significant of gentleness and mercy, but which became significant of wild riot, brutality, and confusion--Bethlehem Hospital became "Bedlam." Modern art has also dwelt upon this theme, and perhaps the most touching of all its exhibitions is the picture by a great French master, representing a tender woman bound to a column and exposed to the jeers, insults, and missiles of street ruffians.( 359) (359) The typical picture representing a priest's struggle with the devil is in the city gallery of Rouen.

The modern picture is Robert Fleury's painting in the Luxembourg Gallery at Paris.
Here and there, even in the worst of times, men arose who attempted to promote a more humane view, but with little effect.

One expositor of St.
Matthew, having ventured to recall the fact that some of the insane were spoken of in the New Testament as lunatics and to suggest that their madness might be caused by the moon, was answered that their madness was not caused by the moon, but by the devil, who avails himself of the moonlight for his work.( 360) (360) See Geraldus Cambrensis, cited by Tuke, as above, pp.

8, 9.
One result of this idea was a mode of cure which especially aggravated and spread mental disease: the promotion of great religious processions.
Troops of men and women, crying, howling, imploring saints, and beating themselves with whips, visited various sacred shrines, images, and places in the hope of driving off the powers of evil.