For Roman Catholic authority, see Addis and Arnold, Catholic Dictionary, article Energumens.

For a brief and eloquent summary, see Krefft-Ebing, Lehrbuch der Psychiatrie, as above; and for a clear view of the transition from pagan mildness in the care of the insane to severity and cruelty under the Christian Church, see Maudsley, The Pathology of the Mind, London, 1879, p.523.See also Buchmann, Die undfreie und die freie Kirche, Bresleau, 1873, p.

251.
For other citations, see Kirchoff, as above, pp.

334-346.

For Bishop Nemesius, see Trelat, p.48.For an account of Agobard's general position in regard to this and allied superstitions, see Reginald Lane Poole's Illustrations of the History of Medieval Thought, London, 1884.
The first great tributary poured into this stream, as we approach the bloom of the Middle Ages, appears to have come from the brain of Michael Psellus.