252; and for Hoffmann's attempt at compromise, ibid., p.

294.
But I pass to a typical conflict in our days, and in a Protestant country.

In 1847, James Young Simpson, a Scotch physician, who afterward rose to the highest eminence in his profession, having advocated the use of anaesthetics in obstetrical cases, was immediately met by a storm of opposition.

This hostility flowed from an ancient and time-honoured belief in Scotland.

As far back as the year 1591, Eufame Macalyane, a lady of rank, being charged with seeking the aid of Agnes Sampson for the relief of pain at the time of the birth of her two sons, was burned alive on the Castle Hill of Edinburgh; and this old theological view persisted even to the middle of the nineteenth century.