Here flourished already music, and art, and song.

The trade of Phocae extended to the coasts of Italy and Gaul.

Ephesus had not yet risen to its meridian--it was the successor of Miletus and Phocaea.

These Ionian states, each independent of the other, were united by a common sanctuary--the Panionium (Temple of Neptune), which might be seen far off on the headland of that Mycale afterward the witness of one of the proudest feats of Grecian valour.

Long free, Ionia became tributary to the Lydian kings, and afterward to the great Persian monarchy.
In the islands of Cos and Rhodes, and on the southern shores of Caria, spread the Dorian colonies--planted subsequently to the Ionian by gradual immigrations.