Thus the commonwealth derived the least possible advantage from his wealth; it did not flow through the heart of the republic, employing the idle and feeding the poor.

As a necessary consequence, the inequalities of fortune were sternly visible and deeply felt.

The rich man had no connexion with the poor man--the poor man hated him for a wealth of which he did not (as in states where slavery does not exist) share the blessings--purchasing by labour the advantages of fortune.

Hence the distinction of classes defied the harmonizing effects of popular legislation.

The rich were exposed to unjust and constant exactions; and society was ever liable to be disorganized by attacks upon property.