When we had finished our evening meal, the shades of night descended upon us, in this our first bivouac in the unknown interior.
By observations of the bright stars Vega and Altair, I found my latitude was 24 degrees 52' 15"; the night was excessively cold, and by daylight next morning the thermometer had fallen to 18 degrees.

Our blankets and packs were covered with a thick coating of ice; and tea left in our pannikins overnight had become solid cakes.
The country here being soft and sandy, we unshod all the horses and carried the shoes.

So far as I could discern with the glasses, the river channel came from the west, but I decided to go north-west, as I was sure it would turn more northerly in time; and I dreaded being caught in a long bend, and having to turn back many miles, or chance the loss of some or all the horses in a boggy crossing.

To the south a line of hills appeared, where the natives were burning the spinifex in all directions.

These hills had the appearance of red sandstone; and they had a series of ancient ocean watermarks along their northern face, traceable for miles.