The evil man inflicts injury on himself; he would not do so, however, if he knew that evil is evil.

The evil man, therefore, is only evil through error; if one free him from error one will necessarily make him--good."-- This mode of reasoning savours of the POPULACE, who perceive only the unpleasant consequences of evil-doing, and practically judge that "it is STUPID to do wrong"; while they accept "good" as identical with "useful and pleasant," without further thought.

As regards every system of utilitarianism, one may at once assume that it has the same origin, and follow the scent: one will seldom err .-- Plato did all he could to interpret something refined and noble into the tenets of his teacher, and above all to interpret himself into them--he, the most daring of all interpreters, who lifted the entire Socrates out of the street, as a popular theme and song, to exhibit him in endless and impossible modifications--namely, in all his own disguises and multiplicities.

In jest, and in Homeric language as well, what is the Platonic Socrates, if not--[Greek words inserted here.] 191.

The old theological problem of "Faith" and "Knowledge," or more plainly, of instinct and reason--the question whether, in respect to the valuation of things, instinct deserves more authority than rationality, which wants to appreciate and act according to motives, according to a "Why," that is to say, in conformity to purpose and utility--it is always the old moral problem that first appeared in the person of Socrates, and had divided men's minds long before Christianity.