'The common assumption that inheritance of the totem through the mother always preceded inheritance of it through the father need not hold good,'[IBID.

p.

462.] he remarks.
Thus it appears that a tribe has not necessarily made 'a great step in progress,' because it reckons descent of the totem on the male side.

If this be so, we cannot so easily decide as to which tribe is socially advanced and which is not.
In any case, however, there is a test of social advance.

There is an acknowledged advance when a tribe is divided into, not two, but four or eight divisions, which may not intermarry.