xxxix.), and who endeavours to benefit us, is called gratitude or thankfulness.

It thus appears that men are much more prone to take vengeance than to return benefits.
Corollary .-- He who imagines that he is loved by one whom he hates, will be a prey to conflicting hatred and love.

This is proved in the same way as the first corollary of the preceding proposition.
Note .-- If hatred be the prevailing emotion, he will endeavour to injure him who loves him; this emotion is called cruelty, especially if the victim be believed to have given no ordinary cause for hatred.
PROP.XLII.

He who has conferred a benefit on anyone from motives of love or honour will feel pain, if he sees that the benefit is received without gratitude.
Proof .-- When a man loves something similar to himself, he endeavours, as far as he can, to bring it about that he should be loved thereby in return (III.

xxxiii.).